HIP DYSPLASIA
WHAT IS HIP DYSPLASIA?
Hip Dysplasia is a condition in which the ball and socket of the hip joint do not form properly. This results in instability of the hip joint. The femoral head (ball) should fit securely into the acetabulum. When hip dysplasia is present, the socket is often shallow which alters the security of the femoral head. This abnormal movement within the joint damages the cartilage and eventually results in arthritis, scar tissue and bone spurs to form.
WHAT CAUSES HIP DYSPLASIA?
Hip dysplasia is a genetic disease. Certain breeds of dogs are at higher risk for inheriting the gene that causes hip dysplasia. Environmental factors such as growth, activity level, and body condition will contribute to the severity of arthritis that develops secondary to hip dysplasia.
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF HIP DYSPLASIA?
Signs that may indicate hip dysplasia is present include limping on one or both of the rear legs, difficulty rising, “bunny hopping” when running, reluctance to jump, and an overall reduction in activity or ability to run and play. Signs of hip dysplsia may be present in both young and old dogs. Some dogs may have the condition but show minimal or no signs.
HOW DO I KNOW IF MY DOG HAS HIP DYSPLASIA?
Hip dysplasia is diagnosed by a combination of a thorough lameness and orthopedic exam and x/rays of the hips. The lameness evaluation will help detect any alternations in your pet’s gait and localize the problem to the hips. During the orthopedic exam, the hips are taken through a full range of motion to evaluate for signs of pain. The hips are also palpated for instability (Ortolani Sign). A sedated exam of the hips may be necessary to palpate for instability. Hip instability is more easily palpated in juvenile or younger dogs before chronic arthritis has set in. Once the hip dysplasia becomes more chronic, hip instability may not be present.
X/rays are used to confirm the presence of hip dysplasia. It is very important that properly positioned x/rays are obtained, so sedation is often needed to take good quality radiographs. X/rays will show how well the ball is positioned in the socket and if any arthritis is present.
IS HIP DYSPLASIA PAINFUL? HOW DO I KNOW IF MY PET IS IN PAIN?
Hip dysplasia can cause a variable degree of pain which is why some dogs are more severely affected than others. If your pet is exhibiting any of the above signs, they are experiencing discomfort.
MY PET WAS DIAGNOSED WITH HIP DYSPLASIA ON ONE SIDE. WILL THE OTHER HIP EVENTUALLY DEVELOP THIS CONDITION?
Hip dysplasia most commonly affects both hips, but one hip may be more severely affected than the other. There is also a possibility that only one hip develops hip dysplasia. In this case, the normal hip should remain healthy and will not develop the condition later in life.
WHAT ARE THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR HIP DYSPLASIA?
There are different types of surgeries which can be used to treat hip dysplasia. Surgery options include Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis, Triple/Double Pelvic Osteotomy, Total Hip Replacement and Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy. The type of surgery selected depends on the pet’s age, signs, and lifestyle. Please read the Hip Surgeries information page to learn more about each procedure.
WHAT ARE THE NON-SURGICAL OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT OF HIP DYSPLASIA?
It is very important for all pets with hip dysplasia to maintain a lean body weight. It is the best way to keep these pets comfortable for the longest period of time. Pets with hip dysplasia should avoid high-impact activities such as jumping, running and very rough play. Exercise should not be avoided entirely as leash walks, low-impact play and swimming can be used to maintain muscle mass, preserve joint range of motion and support a healthy body weight. Rehabilitation therapy can be a helpful addition. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, cartilage protective supplements, omega-3 fatty acids, local joint injections, and a special diet are often recommended.